Isikulufu sokujova isilinganiso se-L/Dubude bokusebenza buhlukaniswa ngedayamitha yesikulufu, futhi izikulufu zokujova eziningi zisebenza ngo-18:1 ukuya ku-25:1. Nakhu okungekho ishidi elithile elikutshela kona: awukwazi ukushintsha i-L/D emshinini osuvele ungumnikazi wawo. Ubude bulungiswa umgqomo. Yini ongayishintshaisikulufu ububanzi, nasemgqonyeni ogxilile lapho ukukhetha okukodwa kuhambisa i-L/D, umthamo wokudubula, nokucindezela komjovo ndawonye, ezindaweni eziphambene. Isikulufu esincane sinikeza i-L/D ephakeme, ishothi encane, nokucindezela okwengeziwe. Qondanisa lokho kuhweba ne-resin yakho nengxenye yakho, futhi imibuzo eminingi ye-L/D iziphendula yona.
Okushiwo I-L/D Ratio Kusikulufa Somjovo
I-L/D ubude bokusebenza besikulufu (L) esihlukaniswa ngobubanzi baso obungaphandle (D). Isikulufu esiphindwe izikhathi ezingama-22 kunobubanzi baso sine-L/D ka-22:1.
Isilinganiso sikala ngosayizi. Isikulufu esingu-40 mm kokuthi 22:1 sinobude bokusebenza obungu-880 mm. Isikulufu esingu-80 mm kokuthi 22:1 singu-1,760 mm ubude. Isilinganiso esifanayo, imishini ehluke kakhulu.
Lokho isilinganiso esikuchazayo empeleniingakanani i-runway isikulufu esinayo yokwenza umsebenzi waso. Ukondla, ukuncibilika, nokukala konke kwenzeka ngalobo bude. Ubude obuningi busho umthamo wokuncibilika okwengeziwe nokuxubana okwengeziwe. Ubude obuncane busho okuncane kukho kokubili, kanye nesikhathi esincane sokuba impahla ihlale ishisa.
Izikulufu eziningi zomjovo zihlala phakathi kuka-18:1 no-25:1, no-20:1 kuya ku-22:1 indawo evamile emishinini yenjongo evamile. Umhlahlandlela wezinsika uhlanganisa isithombe esigcwele kweyethuumjovo wokubumba umgqomo wesikulufa umhlahlandlela.
Kungani Umjovo L/D Umfishane Kune-Extrusion L/D
Ama-extruders ajwayele ukusebenzisa u-25:1 kuya ku-33:1. Izikulufu zokujova zihlala zifushane, futhi isizathu umjikelezo, hhayi isiko.
Isikulufu se-extruder sizungeza ngokuqhubekayo. Impahla ingena ngakolunye uhlangothi, idlule, futhi ihambe kwenye. Akukho okulindile.
Isikulufu somjovo sisebenza ngokuqhuma. Iyazungeza ukwenza ipulasitiki ishothi eyodwa, ihoxise, bese iyama. Iyajova, futhi isikhunta siyaphola. Phakathi nakho konke lokho, ukuncibilika kakade emgqonyeni kuhlala kuthule futhi kuhlala kushisa.
Lokho kulinda kungumehluko wonke. Umphongolo omude ubamba ukuncibilika okwengeziwe, futhi emshinini womjovo, ukuncibilika okwengeziwe kusho izinto eziningi ezilindile emijikelezweni eyengeziwe. Ku-resin ezwela ukushisa, ubude obengeziwe akuwona umthamo owengeziwe. Umlando oshisayo owengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke idizayini yomjovo ibhalansisa umthamo wokuncibilika ngokumelene nesikhathi sokuhlala, kuyilapho i-extrusion ngokuvamile ithenga umthamo wokuncibilika.
Into Okungekho Umuntu Akutshele Ngayo: Awukwazi Ukushintsha i-L/D
Imibhalo emayelana ne-L/D ikhuluma sengathi uthola ukukhetha inombolo. Emshinini osuvele ungumnikazi wawo, awunawo.
L ilungiswa umgqomo.Umphongolo umkhumbi wokucindezela owenziwe ngomshini oboshelwe ohlakeni lomshini, nezindawo zawo zokushisisa, umphimbo wokuphakela, kanye nokukhwezwa konke kwakhiwe cishe ngobude obubodwa. Akekho owenza umgqomo ube mude.
Ngakho okuwukuphela kokuguquguquka okusele ku-L/D ngu-D, ububanzi besikulufa. Shintsha ububanzi, futhi isilinganiso sishintsha nalo, ngoba ubude obungaphezu komugqa abunyakazi.
Yingakho abakhi bomshini bebhala amadayamitha angama-screw amabili noma amathathu omshini ofanayo. Abakunikezi amasayizi amathathu wokudutshulwa. Bakunikeza amaphuzu amathathu ku-trade-off curve, futhi usayizi wokudutshulwa ungenye yezinto ezihambayo.
I-Screw Diameter: I-Lever Ehambisa Konke
Emgqonyeni ongashintshi, ukukhetha okukodwa kuhambisa izinto ezine ngesikhathi esisodwa. Qonda leli thebula futhi uyawuqonda umjovo L/D.
| Uma ukhetha i... | Idayamitha yesikulufu esincane | I-screw diameter enkulu |
|---|---|---|
| Isilinganiso se-L/D | Phezulu(ofanayo L, omncane D) | Phansi(ofanayo L, omkhulu D) |
| Umthamo wokudubula | Encane(ivolumu encane nge-mm ye-stroke) | Okukhudlwana |
| Ingcindezi yomjovo iyatholakala | Phezulu(amandla afanayo endaweni encane) | Phansi |
| Umthamo wokuncibilika ngeshothi ngayinye | Okungcono(i-L/D eningi yezinto ezincane) | Ukuphana okuncane |
| Isikhathi sokuhlala sengxenye ethile | Kafushane(isibhamu sisebenzisa umgqomo omningi omncane) | Mude |
| Amasudi | Izingxenye zokunemba ezincane, izindonga ezincane, i-viscosity ephezulu kanye nama-resin azwela ukushisa | Amashothi amakhulu, ama-resin wempahla, izingxenye eziwugqinsi |
Funda umugqa wengcindezi futhi, ngoba unquma imisebenzi eminingi kunalokho abantu abakulindele. I-hydraulic yomshini noma idrayivu kagesi iletha amandla angashintshi ngemuva kwesikulufu. Ingcindezi ingamandla ahlukaniswe ngendawo. Isikulufu esincane sinendawo yobuso encane, ngakho amandla afanayo akhiqiza umfutho wokuncibilika okuphezulu.
Yingakho umsebenzi wodonga oluncane oluncane kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu ivamise ukuwela esikulufini esincane: ingaphusha incibilike ibe yimbobo eqinile isikulufu esikhulu esingeke siyigcwalise. I-L/D ephakeme eza nayo iyibhonasi, hhayi into eyenzeke ngengozi.
Futhi funda umugqa wokuhlala futhi. Yiyo enquma buthule ukuthi i-PC yakho iphuzi.
I-L/D Iwuthinta Kanjani Usayizi Wokudubula
Ngokuqinile, i-L/D ayibeki usayizi wokudutshulwa. I-diameter ne-stroke do: ivolumu yokushutha indawo ephambanayo yesikulufu ephindaphindeka ngokuthi ihamba ibanga elingakanani.
Kodwa emshinini wangempela awukwazi ukuwahlukanisa, ngoba ububanzi obufanayo obubeka ukudubula kwakho futhi kusetha i-L/D yakho. Khetha isikulufu esincane ukuze uthole ingxenye encane enembayo, futhi ukhethe i-L/D ephakeme ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Umphumela ongokoqobo ujabulisa. Isikulufu esikunikeza ishothi encane siphinde sinikeze ubude obengeziwe bokuncibilika ngegremu ngayinye yezinto kanye nengcindezi ephezulu yomjovo. Lezo zakhiwo ezintathu zifanelana nemisebenzi efanayo, yingakho uhwebo lusebenza ngokuhlanzeka kaningi.
Lapho eyeka khona ukujabula yilapho uphoqa ingxenye ethile kusikulufa esingalungile. Yenza ishothi encane kakhulu kusikulufu esinobubanzi obukhulu bese uthola okubi kakhulu kukho kokubili: i-L/D ephansi, umthamo omkhulu wombhobho ohlobene nokudubula kwakho, nezinto ezijikeleza ekushiseni isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Isikhathi Sokuhlala: Umbulali Wekhwalithi Ongayibala
Isikhathi sokuhlala siwukuthi ucezu olunikeziwe lwe-polymer luhlala isikhathi esingakanani lushisa ngaphakathi emgqonyeni ngaphambi kokuba lujovwe. Yinombolo engaphansi kakhulu ekubunjweni komjovo, futhi ungakwazi ukuyilinganisela ngemizuzwana engamashumi amathathu.
Isikhathi sokuhlala ≈ (umthamo wokudubula komgqomo ÷ usayizi wakho wokudubula) × isikhathi somjikelezo
Womabili amandla kumayunithi afanayo. Thatha umthamo wokudutshulwa esilinganisweni somshini.
Sebenza isibonelo. Umshini olinganiselwe ku-200 g womthamo wokudubula, osebenzisa ingxenye engu-20 g emjikelezweni wamasekhondi angu-30. Isilinganiso singu-10, ngakho ukuncibilika kuhlala emijikelezweni eyishumi. Isikhathi sokuhlala singamasekhondi angu-300, noma imizuzu emihlanu.
Imizuzu emihlanu ekuncibilikeni kwezinga lokushisa yisikhathi eside se-PC, i-POM, i-PET, noma i-PVC. Akukho okungalungile mayelana nezilungiselelo zakho. Ingxenye imane incane kakhulu emgqonyeni, futhi impahla iyapheka ngenkathi ilinde isikhathi sayo.
Manje hambisa lowo msebenzi kusikulufa esincane. Umthamo wokudubula wehla, uthi, 80 g. Ingxenye efanayo engu-20 g manje isebenzisa ingxenye yesine yomphongolo, ukuncibilika kuhlala emijikelezweni emine esikhundleni seshumi, futhi isikhathi sokuhlala siba cishe imizuzu emibili.
Awushintshanga indawo yokubeka. Ushintshe i-screw diameter, futhi inkinga yokuwohloka yahamba nayo.
Ibhendi ye-Shot Capacity engu-20–80%.
Umhlahlandlela womkhakha ovame ukucashunwa uwukugcina isibhamu sakho endaweni ethile phakathi kokulinganiselwa ku-20% no-80% womthamo olinganiselwe wokudubula womshini. Qinisekisa ibhendi ngokumelene nemanuwali yomshini wakho, kodwa ingqondo engemuva kwayo ibambe yonke indawo.
Ngaphansi kwebhendi, isikhathi sokuhlala sihamba isikhathi eside. Izinto ezibonakalayo zenza uhambo oluningi kakhulu ekushiseni, futhi ama-resin azwela ukushisa awonakala. Lokhu ukwehluleka ukutholwa kwefomula engenhla.
Ngaphezu kwebhendi, izinto ezimbili ziyaphuka. Awukho umgqomo owanele osele wokubamba umcamelo ofanele, ngakho-ke ukupakisha kuthola ukudutshulwa okungahambisani. Futhi isikulufu sinesikhathi esincane nobude bokuncibilikisa umphongolo ocishe ugcwale wento, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yokuncibilika ihlupheka lapho ubuza okuningi kwakho.
Hlala phakathi nebhendi futhi umshini unendawo yokusebenza. Uma ingxenye yakho ihlezi ngaphandle kwayo, ukulungisa okulungile ububanzi besikulufa obuhlukile, noma umshini ohlukile, hhayi isethi yobuqhawe yezilungiselelo zenqubo.
I-L/D Ithinta Ikhwalithi Ye-Melt
Ubude bungumthamo wokuncibilika, futhi umthamo wokuncibilika uyikhwalithi.
I-L/D eyengeziwe inikeza ukuncibilika okuphelele.Ama-pellets aqinile kufanele ahambe ngokumelene nodonga lwemiphongolo eshisayo, ngakho-ke ambalwa kuwo asinda lapho engancibiliki. Amachashazi aqinile kanye nokufakwa okumise okwe-lens engxenyeni kuwukwehluleka ukuncibilika, futhi ubude bulwa nabo.
I-L/D eyengeziwe inikeza ukuncibilika okufanayo.Izinga lokushisa liyaphuma, umbala kanye nesigcwalisi kusabalaliswa kangcono, futhi ukuncibilika okufika eringini yesheke kuyavumelana kakhulu ukusuka kukudubula kuye kukudubula. Lokho kubonakala njengewindi lenqubo elibanzi.
I-L/D eyengeziwe iphinde inikeze umlando oshisayo owengeziwe.Ubude obufanayo obuncibilika kahle bubamba impahla isikhathi eside, futhi ku-PVC, i-PC, i-POM, ne-PET, lokho kuyizindleko, hhayi inzuzo.
Ngakho izinga lokuncibilika akulona icala lokungaphezulu lingcono. Ibhalansi: ubude obanele bokuncibilika ngokuphelele, hhayi umthamo omningi womgqomo kangangokuthi impahla ilinda isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe. Uma umthamo wokuncibilika kuwumthwalo wakho othize, isikulufu sokuvimbela siyasiphakamisa ngaphandle kokungeza umgqomo oyimilimitha.
Ukukhetha i-L/D nobubanzi nge-Resin nengxenye
Hlanganisa ukuhweba ndawonye futhi ukukhetha kuphuma ku-resin kanye nengxenye.
| Isimo sakho | Qedela ngase | Kungani |
|---|---|---|
| Izingxenye zokunemba ezincane, ezinezindonga ezincane | Isikulufu esincanyana, i-L/D ephezulu | Ukucindezelwa komjovo okuphezulu kugcwalisa izigaba ezincane; ukuncibilika okuhle ngegremu ngayinye; yokuhlala iDemo |
| I-resin ezwela ukushisa (i-PC, i-POM, i-PET, i-PVC) | Isikulufu esincane sokudubula; Isiphetho esifushane sebhendi ye-L/D | Isikhathi sokuhlala siyisitha. Gcina isibhamu sikhulu ngokuhlobene nomthamo womgqomo |
| I-resin yobunjiniyela be-viscosity ephezulu | Isikulufu esincanyana, i-L/D ephezulu | Idinga ingcindezi ukuze igcwalise futhi ubude ukuze incibilike kahle |
| Amashothi amakhulu, i-resin yempahla (PE, PP, PS) | Isikulufu esikhulu, esiphansi se-L/D | Amandla okuhola; lawa ma-resin abekezelela ubude bokuncibilika obunciphile |
| Izingxenye eziwugqinsi, imijikelezo ehamba kancane | Isikulufu esikhulu, indawo yokuhlala yewashi | Imijikelezo emide iphindaphinda isikhathi sokuhlala. Bala kabusha ngaphambi kokwenza |
| Inhlanganisela egcwele ingilazi noma e-abrasive | Ububanzi ngengxenye ngayinye; shintsha iphezulu | I-L/D ilandela ingxenye. Impendulo yokugqoka i-bimetallic bore, hhayi ubude obuhlukile |
| Ayincibiliki ekukhipheni okuphezulu | Ububanzi obufanayo; Isikulufu sokuvimba | Udinga umthamo wokuncibilika, hhayi ubude bomphongolo. Umphongolo awushintshi noma kunjalo |
Qaphela imigqa emibili yokugcina. Izinkinga ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ezilethwa ababumbi kithi azizona izinkinga ze-L/D nhlobo, futhi ukuthenga isikulufa esihlukile sokuzixazulula kumosha imali.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile e-L/D ekubumbeni komjovo
- Ikopisha i-extrusion L/D.Inombolo engu-30:1 esuka kuthebula le-extruder elisetshenziswa kusikulufu somjovo iziba inkinga yesikhathi sokuhlala echaza ukubumba komjovo. Le mishini yomibili yenza imisebenzi ehlukene.
- Ukuthatha isikhathi eside kungcono.Ubude obengeziwe buncibilika kakhulufuthiumlando oshisayo owengeziwe. Ku-resin engezwani nokushisa, eyesibili iyawina bese okokusebenza kuyehla.
- Ukuziba isilinganiso seshothi-to-capacity.Inkinga yekhwalithi evamile esiyibona ilandelwa ku-geometry ingxenye encane yokupheka emgqonyeni omkhulu. Akekho oyihlolayo, ngoba ayikho kunoma yisiphi isikrini sezilungiselelo.
- Ukukholelwa i-L/D kungashintshwa emshinini okhona.Ngeke. Umgqomo usetha u-L. Ububanzi kuphela owukhethayo.
- Ukusola i-L/D ngenkinga yokuncibilika.Uma ukungancibiliki kuvela ekuphumeni okuphezulu kuphela, amandla akho okuncibilika mafushane, hhayi umgqomo wakho. Isikulufu sokuvimbela silungisa lokho emgqonyeni ofanayo.
- Ukusola u-L/D ngenkinga yokuguga.Okukhiphayo okuwayo ngesivinini esifanayo sesikulufa kugqokwa imvume, hhayi ijiyomethri. Lilinganise ngaphambi kokuthi udizayine kabusha noma yini.
Indlela Yoku-oda Isikulufa Esilungile
Umkhiqizi wesikulufu udizayina kulokho obatshela khona. Thumela lezi, bese kulandela izincomo zobubanzi nejiyomethri.
- Ibhrendi yomshini, imodeli, nobubanzi bamanje besikulufa.Isithombe se-nameplate simboza iningi laso, futhi lisitshela ubude bomphongolo osebenza ngaphakathi.
- Ilinganiswe umthamo wokudubula womshini,uma uyazi, kanye nesisindo sakho sangempela sengxenye.
- Isikhathi somjikelezo.Ngezinombolo ezimbili ezingenhla, isikhathi sokuhlala singabalelwa wena.
- I-resin, ibanga, nokuqukethwe kokugcwalisa.Lokhu kushayela iphrofayili yokucindezelwa kanye nokwelashwa okungaphezulu njengobubanzi.
- Isici obufuna sihambile.Amaphuzu aphuzi lapho uhlala khona. Ukungancibiliki kukhomba umthamo wokuncibilika. Amashothi amafushane akhomba ingcindezi noma iringi yesheke. Ngamunye unempendulo ehlukile.
- Umdwebo, noma isikulufu sakho esigugile.Noma kusivumela ukuthi sakhe emshinini wakho. Ingxenye egugile ikalwa ngesisetshenziswa se-CMM ukuya ku-±0.01 mm bese ijiyomethri yakhiwe kabusha.
Kungani Usebenza NoNanhaiya
Sithumelele ingxenye yesisindo, isikhathi somjikelezo, nemodeli yomshini, futhi sizosebenzisa izibalo zesikhathi sokuhlala ngaphambi kokuthi sikucaphune noma yini. Kwesinye isikhathi impendulo iwububanzi besikulufa obuhlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba isikulufu sokuvimbela emgqonyeni osuvele unawo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba ukuthi umsebenzi wakho ungowomunye umshini, futhi sizokusho lokho.
Uma isikulufa esisha siyimpendulo, i-Nanhaiya yakhaizikulufo zokubumba umjovokanye nemiphongolo iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, ku-38CrMoAlA, 42CrMo, SKD-61, kanye nensimbi engagqwali, nitrided noma i-bimetallic enongqimba lwe-tungsten-bearing alloy engu-2.5–3 mm efinyelela ku-62 HRC lapho okuphakelayo kuyidinga khona.
Sakha emdwebeni wakho, imodeli yomshini, noma isampula eligugile, ngeukushintshwaihambisana nemikhiqizo emikhulu yemishini, i-oda elincane lesethi eyodwa, kanye nekhwothi phakathi kwamahora ayi-12.
Ulwa nokuphuzi, ukungancibiliki, noma amashothi amafushane? Thumela imodeli yomshini wakho, ingxenye yesisindo, isikhathi somjikelezo, kanye ne-resin. Sizokutshela ukuthi ingabe i-L/D, ububanzi, umthamo wokuncibilika, noma ukuguga, futhi sicaphune kungakapheli amahora ayi-12.
Thola Incomo Yesikulufuimibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyini isilinganiso esijwayelekile se-L/D sesikulufu sokubumba umjovo?
Izikulufu eziningi zomjovo zisebenza phakathi kuka-18:1 no-25:1, no-20:1 kuya ku-22:1 endaweni evamile emishinini yenjongo evamile. Ama-resin angezwani nokushisa athanda ukuphela okufushane ngoba impahla ichitha isikhathi esincane kushisa. Amapulasitiki obunjiniyela adinga ukuncibilika ngokuphelele athanda ukuphela okude.
Ngingakwazi ukushintsha isilinganiso se-L/D emshinini wami wokubumba umjovo?
Hhayi ngokuqondile. Ubude bunqunywa umgqomo, owenziwe ngomshini emshinini. Ongakwazi ukukushintsha ububanzi besikulufa, futhi ngenxa yokuthi u-L uhlala unjalo, ububanzi obuncane bunikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo i-L/D ephakeme. Lokho kukhetha okukodwa futhi kushintsha umthamo wakho wokudubula kanye nomfutho otholakalayo womjovo.
Ingabe isilinganiso se-L/D sithinta usayizi wokudubula?
Ngokungaqondile, futhi ngokungenakuhlukaniswa. Ivolumu yokushutha ivela kububanzi obuyisikulufa kanye ne-stroke, hhayi ukusuka ku-L/D. Kodwa emgqonyeni ongashintshi, ububanzi okusetha isithombe sakho futhi kusetha i-L/D yakho. Khetha isikulufu esincane sokudubula okuncane, futhi uthola i-L/D ephezulu kanye nengcindezi yomjovo ephezulu ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngisibala kanjani isikhathi sokuhlala ekubumbeni umjovo?
Hlukanisa umthamo olinganiselwe wokudubula womshini ngosayizi wakho wangempela wokudutshulwa, bese uphindaphinda ngesikhathi somjikelezo. Umshini ongu-200 g osebenzisa ingxenye engu-20 g emjikelezweni wamasekhondi angu-30 unikeza cishe amasekhondi angu-300, noma imizuzu emihlanu, yokuhlala. Leso yisikhathi eside sokubamba i-PC, i-POM, i-PET, noma i-PVC ekuncibilikeni kwezinga lokushisa.
Kungani umjovo u-L/D umfushane kune-extrusion L/D?
Ngoba isikulufu somjovo sisebenza ngokuqhuma. Ifaka i-plasticize shot, bese iyama ngenkathi umshini ujova futhi isikhunta siphola, futhi ukuncibilika emgqonyeni kuhlala kushisa sonke isikhathi. I-extruder isebenza ngokuqhubekayo futhi akukho okulindile. Ubude obengeziwe bomgqomo emshinini womjovo umlando wokushisa owengeziwe, hhayi nje umthamo owengeziwe wokuncibilika, ngakho izikulufu zokujova zihlala zifushane.
Ingakanani iphesenti lomthamo womgqomo okufanele isibhamu sami sisebenzise?
Ukuqondiswa okuvame ukucashunwa cishe ku-20% kuya ku-80% womthamo olinganiselwe wokudubula, futhi imanuwali yakho yomshini yigunya. Ngaphansi kwaleyo bhendi, isikhathi sokuhlala sihamba isikhathi eside futhi okonakaliswa kokuzwela ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isikhala se-cushion efanele kanye nesikhathi esincane sokuncibilikisa umgqomo ocishe ugcwale.
Ingabe i-L/D ephezulu ingcono ekubumbeni umjovo?
Hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ubude obuningi bunikeza ukuncibilika okuphelele kanye nokuncibilika okufanayo, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi. Iphinde ibambe izinto eziningi ezishisayo isikhathi eside, okwehlisa ama-resin angezwani nokushisa. I-L/D efanele incibilikisa impahla yakho ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuyibamba isikhathi eside kunesiyidingayo.
Izingxenye zami ziphuzi. Ingabe leyo inkinga ye-L/D?
Imvamisa kuba yinkinga yesikhathi sokuhlala, okuyinkinga yomthamo wokudutshulwa kosayizi ukuya kumgqomo. Qalisa ukubala indawo yokuhlala kuqala. Uma ingxenye encane ipheka emgqonyeni omkhulu, akukho kulungiselelwa kwezinga lokushisa futhi akukho geometry yesikulufu esizoyilungisa. I-screw diameter encane, noma umshini omncane, izokwenza.
